Ensuring a healthy environment involves and protects human beings and besides enjoying this right man has a commitment to protect it. The need to pay attention to the environment should be considered in parallel with the productive activities as a pillar of sustainable development. With regard to the position that the oil industry has found in today's world it should not be overlooked for human and Environmental damage and we should look for solutions to reduce these injuries. Oil operations such as exploration development exploitation transportation and oil refining on the environment have devastating effects that can be controlled and reduced by measures. In this regard governments try to reduce the Environmental impact of oil operations by setting laws and regulations. In this paper the emphasis on compliance with Environmental Requirements and the preservation of human rights of the environment has been addressed by the review of Environmental laws and regulations and oil issues.

Environmental Flows describes the timing, quality, and quantity of water flows required to sustain ecosystems, human well-being and livelihoods that depend upon them. A review of the present status of Environmental flow methodologies revealed the existence of 4 differentiated methodologies. The main purpose of this paper is to assess common methods of Environmental flow Requirements. According to the standards of the Ministry of Energy of Iran, Tennant introduced as the base method for determining the Environmental flows. This method together with wetted perimeter method with three different ideas is applied to the SefidRud. Also, the habitat simulation method, which is a part of the ecological method, is applied to SefidRud River too. Huso Huso fish was chosen as the species river target in this research study. The advantages and limitations of the above mentioned methods are presented as a part of results. 20% and 30% of the annual average flows are suggested for maintaining river health in poor and good conditions, respectively. The combined simulation method habitats and the maximum curvature of the wetted perimeter are recommended as a native method for SefidRud River to determine the minimum ecological flow and improve the ecosystem of the studied river.

The purpose of this study is to compare Environmental Requirements in upstream oil and gas contracts in Iran with emphasis on contracts after the Islamic Revolution. The main question is what are the Environmental Requirements in the upstream oil and gas contracts after the Islamic Revolution and what are the positive achievements of the Islamic Revolution in this area? This article uses a descriptive-analytical method, through library studies and documentary studies, to study the Environmental Requirements of upstream oil and gas contracts after the Islamic Revolution and analyze its evolution compared to pre-revolutionary contracts. The adoption and promulgation of general Environmental policies by the Supreme Leader, including fifteen advanced policies, is the greatest Environmental achievement in this field. Comparing IPC Environmental considerations with the Oil Law of 1974 shows that the Requirements of that law are general, incomplete and inefficient and are not comparable to the leading Environmental issues of the IPC model.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to Environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of Environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of Environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the Environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of Environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of Environmental quality. As the Environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human Environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to Environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of Environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of Environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to Environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in Environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an Environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of Environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of Environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in Environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in Environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the Environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes Environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Background and Objective: As an internal advisor, internal auditors play a leading role in integrating Environmental sustainability into an organization's operations, articulating potential risks threatening Environmental sustainability, providing assurance to Environmental sustainability–related information, and enhancing Environmental sustainability practices. The purpose of this research is the green voice of internal auditors: Fuzzy matrix evaluation to disclose the Environmental performance of capital market companies. Material and Methodology: In this research, based on the hybrid nature of data collection, first, through meta-synthesis analysis, to identify the dimensions of the green voice of internal auditors in disclosing the Environmental performance of companies and then, in order to determine the reliability of the identified dimensions, fuzzy Delphi analysis should be used. Finally, quantitative part through fuzzy matrix analysis, this study tries to select the most favorable dimension of green voice of internal auditors in disclosing the Environmental performance of capital market companies. Findings: The results of the meta-synthesis analysis based on the content screening of 12 determined studies indicate the existence of 8 dimensions of the green voice of internal auditors. Also, the reliability of the identified dimensions was confirmed through fuzzy Delphi analysis. Finally, based on the fuzzy analysis of the construction matrix, it was determined that the disclosure of compliance with Environmental Requirements is the most desirable aspect of the green voice of internal auditors in disclosing the Environmental performance of companies. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained result expresses the fact that auditors who have an identity and rely on the code of professional conduct, based on the limits of the Requirements set for the disclosure of Environmental performance, always try to disclose the company's performance in this field and thus the level of transparency Improve company information to external stakeholders

The purpose of this study is to compare the stringency of and compliance with Environmental Requirements in the upstream sector of oil and gas in law of Iran and the USA. This study is conducted using the mixed entanglement method (qualitative– quantitative). In the qualitative part, library studies are used. In the quantitative part, the studied society is a group of six professionals in the field of oil and gas, who filled out a questionnaire consisted of 34 questions prepared by the Worley Parsons† in a similar research approved by the jurisdictions of 10 countries. The questions are prepared by a team of experts with international experience. The components of stringency of and compliance with law during the phases of approval, operation, and closure of a hydrocarbon project are studied using the Delphi method. At the level of stringency, the Environmental assessment in the US is carried out with human resources and costs 10 and 26 times more than those in Iran. The US, with 13 scores, is more stringent than Iran with 5 scores. In the project closure phase, Iran does not impose any obligations for rehabilitation and restoration. At the level of compliance, the construction Environmental management plan (CEMP) is mandatory in both countries. In Iran, the list of violations and their consequences will not be published. The US regulatory mechanisms of restoration are an appropriate model. On the whole, Iran gains 29 scores, and the United States obtains 42 scores. The recommendations are based on these two scores.

This paper studies the accuracy of hydraulic methods in determining Environmental flow Requirements. Despite the vital importance of deriving river cross sectional data for hydraulic methods, few studies have focused on the criteria for deriving this data. The present study shows that the depth of cross section has a meaningful effect on the results obtained from hydraulic methods and that, considering fish as the index species for river habitat analysis, an optimum depth of 1 m should be assumed for deriving information from cross sections. The second important parameter required for extracting the geometric and hydraulic properties of rivers is the selection of an appropriate depth increment; Dy. In the present research, this parameter was found to be equal to 1 cm. The uncertainty of the Environmental discharge evaluation, when allocating water in areas with water scarcity, should be kept as low as possible. The Manning friction coefficient (n) is an important factor in river discharge calculation. Using a range of "n" equal to 3 times the standard deviation for the study area, it is shown that the influence of friction coefficient on the estimation of Environmental flow is much less than that on the calculation of river discharge.

Nowadays, the environment and its preservation are regarded as of such ethical and social value that their criminal protection is an indisputable necessity. In this regard, the shortcomings of tort law sanctions and the inefficiency of Environmental administrative law measures reflect the mentioned necessity. However, the application of criminal law for Environmental protection can not be free from any Requirements and consideration. Choosing an appropriate approach to adopting criminal sanctions; recognition of the criminal responsibility for legal persons including corporations; and the establishment of modern and effective monitoring mechanisms are among the said Requirements.